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Tips for Managing Student Loan Payments

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Beginning your career after college is meant to bring optimism as you start a new phase in your life. Unfortunately, many Americans are weighed down by student debts. With different repayment options, interest rates, and loan terms, it's easy to feel overwhelmed. However, with some strategies, you can manage your student loan debt and avoid default.

Since debt management is critical for long-term financial health, we'll provide student loan management tips to help you stay on track and achieve financial stability.

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Know your student loan amount and loan type

The first step in managing student loan debt is determining how much you owe in student loans and the type of loans you have. Two broad student financing categories exist:

Federal loans: These are student loans from the federal government. You can visit the National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS) for a list of your student loans, outstanding amounts, and monthly payments.

Private loans: Private student loans are from private institutions such as schools, banks, and credit unions.

Your loan type and other factors like your outstanding amount and financial situation determine your optimal repayment plan.

Know your repayment options:

Before making any payments, you must know your repayment options. Private student loans have limited options. Primarily, you can negotiate a repayment plan with your lender. On the other hand, federal student loans are more flexible. They offer four repayment plans: standard, graduated, extended, and income-driven.

Standard repayment plan:

This is the most common student loan repayment plan for federal student loans, and all borrowers are eligible. The plan requires a fixed monthly payment for up to 10 years. The repayment is calculated based on the loan amount and interest rate to pay off the loan in full within 10 years.

Graduated repayment plan:

Under this option, the assumption is that your income will increase over time, so your monthly payments will also increase. The plan allows you to start with lower monthly payments that increase over time, usually every two years. The calculated repayment amount ensures your loans are paid off in 10 years. All borrowers are eligible, including all Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans, Subsidized and Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans, Consolidation Loans (Direct or FFEL), and PLUS loans.

Extended repayment plan:

If you are a direct loan borrower with more than $30,000 in Direct Loans, you qualify for this repayment option. Payments can be graduated or fixed. The plan extends your repayment period to up to 25 years. While your monthly payments will be lower than in a standard or graduated plan, you'll pay more in interest over the life of the loan.

Income-driven repayment plans:

These plans are for borrowers struggling to make monthly payments. They make repayment affordable and are a percentage of your discretionary income. Monthly repayments are based on income and family size and are recalculated yearly to factor in changes. Four different types of income-driven repayment plans are available:

  • Income-Based Repayment (IBR): Sets your monthly payment at 10-15% of your discretionary income, depending on when you took out your loans. Your payments are recalculated annually based on your income and family size, and any remaining balance is forgiven after 20 or 25 years, depending on when you took out your loans.
  • Pay As You Earn (PAYE): PAYE covers new borrowers who received a direct loan on or after October 1, 2011. Under this option, the monthly payment is set at 10% of the borrower’s discretionary income but never above the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan amount.
  • Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE): This plan is for Direct Loan borrowers with an eligible loan. The plan sets the monthly payment at 10% of discretionary income.
  • Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR): Under this option, your monthly payment is the lesser of 20% of your discretionary income or your payment on a twelve-year fixed plan. Any remaining balance is forgiven after 25 years.

Finally, you can change an existing repayment plan even if you already have one. Find your loan servicer at My Federal Student Aid to discuss your repayment plan.

Pay interest while in school

Unlike federal loans that require payment after graduation or leaving school, many private loans require payment while in school. If you have federal unsubsidized loans or private student loans, paying the interest while you're still in school is a good idea. Making interest-only payments can prevent the loan balance from increasing and reduce the overall cost of the loan. Even if you can't afford to make full payments, any amount can help.

Understand your grace period

Besides understanding other loan terms, also be aware of your grace period. They vary depending on the type of loan. Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans have a six-month grace period. On the other hand, Perkin loans sometimes allow you nine months.

Create a budget

While there are several strategies for managing student loan payments, starting with the basics is vital. A budget will help you determine how to fit your student loan repayments into your finances. Compile your income sources and identify unnecessary expenses you can reallocate to your student loans. If you are just out of college, you can maintain the same inexpensive lifestyle, like living with roommates and carpooling. While a budget might seem restrictive, it allows you to prioritize your spending. Closely examine your budget to arrive at an affordable repayment. 

Set up automatic payments

Setting up automatic payments is an effective way to stay on top of your student loan payments. Not only can it help you avoid missed payments, but it may also qualify you for a lower interest rate. Many loan servicers offer an interest rate deduction of 0.25% to 0.50% for borrowers who enroll in automatic payments.

Pay more than the minimum

Paying more than the minimum payment each month can help you pay off your student loans faster and reduce the overall cost of the loan. For example, if you have a 10-year repayment plan, making an extra payment each year can shorten the repayment term by a year or more. If you can, make more payments to reduce your principal balance. For instance, instead of monthly repayments, pay biweekly.

Ensure your additional payments go toward principal reduction. Instruct your loan servicer to apply your extra payments to your principal. Otherwise, they might advance your payment—use it for accrued interest and late fees instead of your principal balance.

Prioritize high-interest loans

If you have several student loans, prioritize the highest interest rate loan first. By paying off high-interest loans first, you can reduce the overall cost of the loan and save money in the long term.

Consider refinancing or consolidation options

Refinancing your loans can accelerate your debt paydown. If you carry a high-interest loan, you can refinance it at a lower rate. But refinancing at a lower rate doesn't necessarily mean you will pay lower interest. A loan with a longer duration might cost you more in interest through the loan term.

Besides refinancing, you can consolidate your student loans under one loan with one monthly payment. If you have multiple federal loans, you can consolidate them into a Direct Consolidation Loan. Doing this allows you to qualify for a variety of repayment plans.

While refinancing and consolidation are beneficial, refinancing federal student loans into private loans can be disadvantageous. You might lose benefits you would have otherwise qualified for, such as no interest accumulation during deferred periods, access to various loan forgiveness and discharge programs, or temporary relief during deferment or student loan forbearance periods.

Explore loan forgiveness programs

Several loan forgiveness programs are available to borrowers with federal student loans. They help borrowers struggling to repay their federal student loans. Here are some of the most popular programs:

Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF):

This program is available to borrowers who work full-time in a qualifying public service job, such as a government or non-profit organization. After you make 120 qualifying payments, the remaining balance on your Direct Loans may be forgiven.

Teacher Loan Forgiveness:

Under this plan, eligible teachers qualify for Direct Loan or FFEL Program loan forgiveness. You might qualify for up to $17,500 in forgiveness if you have taught full-time for five complete and consecutive academic years in a secondary school, low-income school or educational service agency.

Perkins Loan Cancellation and Discharge:

Certain public service jobs, such as teachers, firefighters, nurses, and law enforcement officers, may qualify. Depending on your job and the amount of Perkins Loans, you may be eligible for partial or complete cancellation.

Closed School Discharge:

This plan supports borrowers whose school shuts down while enrolled or within 120 days after withdrawal. The borrower may be eligible to discharge their Direct Loans, FFEL Loans or Perkins Loans.

Summary

Following these tips for paying off student loans will accelerate your debt paydown. You can take control of your debt by using strategies such as considering repayment options, setting up automatic payments, paying more than the minimum, income-driven repayment plans, and loan forgiveness programs. Remember, staying informed about your loan terms and repayment options is important. Finally, contact your loan servicer if you need help.

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